1 November 2024, NIICE Commentary 9703
Yead Mirza

The latest annual BRICS summit, hosted by Russian President Vladimir Putin in Kazan, has emerged as a focal point for global geopolitical dynamics, especially in the context of ongoing tensions between Russia and the West. As the largest gathering of world leaders in Russia in decades, the summit underscores the significance of BRICS—comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and few new members—amidst a backdrop of military conflict and economic sanctions.

Understanding BRICS: A Counterbalance to Western Dominance

Since its inception in 2006, BRICS has aimed to challenge the economic and political dominance of Western nations. The group’s formation was a response to the alleged disappointments of Western-led institutions to represent the interests of the Global South. With the recent expansion to include countries like Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, BRICS is not only broadening its geopolitical reach but also solidifying a platform for countries seeking alternatives to Western dominance.

The summit’s agenda is steeped in the disappointment felt by BRICS member states regarding Western institutions, particularly after sanctions imposed on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. This climate of distrust has driven BRICS members to explore mechanisms that reduce their reliance on the US dollar and Western financial systems, including the SWIFT payment network. Accordingly, during the summit, a joint declaration was adopted advocating for the establishment of an independent payment system utilizing their national currencies.

Furthermore, the desire for a common BRICS currency, while still in discussion, highlights a collective desire for economic independence—a sentiment echoed by countries wary of being collateral damage in geopolitical conflicts.

High-Level Attendance and Symbolic Significance

The attendance of leaders from member nations, alongside representatives from interested countries, enhances the summit’s importance. Notably, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Chinese President Xi Jinping were among those present. The absence of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, due to health issues, was unfortunate but does not diminish the gathering’s significance.

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres’ participation adds another layer of complexity, particularly given Ukraine’s sharp criticism of his attendance. The juxtaposition of a UN leader with Putin, who is under an ICC arrest warrant for war crimes, exemplifies the nuanced geopolitical landscape in which BRICS operates. This convergence of leaders from diverse nations signals a potential shift in alliances and global governance structures.

Putin’s Strategy: A Defiant Posture

For Putin, the summit serves multiple strategic purposes. Firstly, it acts as a platform to project a narrative of resilience against Western isolation. By showcasing a robust assembly of international partners, Putin aims to counteract the portrayal of Russia as a pariah state. The gathering serves as a potent reminder that despite sanctions and diplomatic pressures, Russia maintains significant alliances, particularly with major emerging economies.

Experts suggest that the summit is not merely a PR exercise; it is also a pragmatic step toward positioning Russia as a viable partner in an increasingly multipolar world. Putin’s message of defiance toward the West is further accentuated by the collective representation of BRICS, as it encompasses approximately 45 percent of the world’s population and 25 percent of global GDP. This demographic and economic clout offers a counter-narrative to Western dominance in international affairs.

The Broader Implications of BRICS Expansion

The ongoing expansion of BRICS reflects a growing sentiment among many countries that they do not wish to align exclusively with Western powers. Countries like Thailand and Malaysia, which became BRICS partner during the recent summit, have previously expressed their interest in joining the alliance as full members, suggesting a broader trend towards diversification of diplomatic and economic partnerships. This interest from Southeast Asian nations underscores a strategic recalibration in global politics, where countries seek to maintain autonomy rather than being forced to choose sides.

As BRICS continues to evolve, the implications for global governance are profound. The alliance’s focus on economic independence and financial autonomy resonates with nations wary of Western influence, creating an alternative model of cooperation. The potential for a BRICS currency, even if met with skepticism, indicates a willingness among member states to circumvent traditional financial systems dominated by the West.

Future Prospects: Dialogue and Diplomacy

While the summit signals a united front against Western dominance, it also hints at the possibility of dialogue and negotiation regarding the conflict in Ukraine. India’s role as a mediator could be pivotal, as Modi has engaged with both Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in recent months. The nuanced positioning of India, which maintains ties with Russia while also advocating for peace, may facilitate a pathway toward diplomatic solutions.

Putin’s readiness for discussions—coupled with the broader global calls for peace—suggests that while he may project strength at the summit, there is an underlying acknowledgment of the need for resolution. The Kazan summit may thus become a historical juncture, not only for BRICS but also for the future of international relations, as nations navigate the complex web of alliances and rivalries that define our current geopolitical landscape.

Conclusion

The 2024 BRICS summit in Kazan represents a significant moment for both Russia and the broader international community. For Putin, this summit was not only a platform to demonstrate resilience but also a chance to redefine Russia’s role on the world stage amidst unprecedented challenges. As the world grapples with the implications of a multipolar order, the actions and discussions held in Kazan will resonate far beyond the confines of the summit itself. With an emphasis on economic independence and a potential pivot away from Western influence, BRICS is positioning itself as a critical player in shaping the future of global governance.

Yead Mirza writes on Global Affairs.